|| 13.20 ||

प्रकृतिं पुरुषं चैव विद्ध्यनादी उभावपि। विकारांश्च गुणांश्चैव विद्धि प्रकृतिसंभवान्।।

prakṛtiṁ puruṣaṁ caiva viddhy anādī ubhāv api vikārāṁś ca guṇāṁś caiva viddhi prakṛti-sambhavān

prakṛtim (material nature) puruṣam (the living entities) ca (and) eva (certainly) viddhi (know) anādī (beginningless) ubhau (both) api (also) vikārān (transformations) ca (and) guṇān (the modes of nature) ca (and) eva (certainly) viddhi (know) prakṛti (material nature) sambhavān (produced of).

Material nature and the living entities should be understood to be beginningless. Their transformations and the modes of matter are products of material nature.

Kṛṣṇa clarifies the origin of the two players in this world: Matter (Prakṛti) and the Soul (Puruṣa). He explains that both are beginningless (‘Anādī’) because they are eternal energies of God. However, the changes we see—like aging or changing emotions—are strictly products of Matter, not the Soul. The soul is like a passenger in a car. The car may get dented, painted, or broken down (Vikāras), but the passenger remains the same. Our bodies and our moods are generated by the three modes of nature. We often mistakenly think we are changing, but it is only our material container that is in flux. By understanding that both nature and the soul are eternal, we lose the fear of non-existence. We realize that our core self is an ancient traveler who has merely picked up a temporary set of habits and features from the material world. This knowledge helps us identify with our eternal essence rather than our temporary traits.