|| 18.21 ||
पृथक्त्वेन तु यज्ज्ञानं नानाभावान्पृथग्विधान्। वेत्ति सर्वेषु भूतेषु तज्ज्ञानं विद्धि राजसम्।।
pṛthaktvena tu yaj jñānaṁ nānā-bhāvān pṛthag-vidhān vetti sarveṣu bhūteṣu taj jñānaṁ viddhi rājasam
Word by Word
pṛthaktvena (by division) tu (but) yat (which) jñānam (knowledge) nānā-bhāvān (various natures) pṛthak-vidhān (of different kinds) vetti (knows) sarveṣu (in all) bhūteṣu (living beings) tat (that) jñānam (knowledge) viddhi (know) rājasam (in the mode of passion).
Translation
That knowledge by which one sees that in every different body there is a different type of living entity you should understand to be in the mode of passion.
Meaning
Kṛṣṇa defines ‘Knowledge in the Mode of Passion’. This is the vision of Division. It is the belief that every different body contains a different type of soul or nature. A person in Rajas is obsessed with ‘Pṛthaktvena’—separateness. They judge everything based on surface differences: race, nation, class, and species. They see the world as a fragmented competition of ‘us’ vs ‘them’.
This is the root of material conflict. In Passion, you think: “My family is better than yours,” or “Humans are the only ones who matter.” You see the labels but miss the Substance. Because you see everyone as fundamentally separate, you feel justified in exploiting them for your own gain. This fragmented vision makes the mind restless and competitive. It is the worldview of a person who is still deeply entangled in the ‘Field’ of matter.
It teaches us to watch out for ‘Label-thinking’. Whenever we find ourselves judging someone based on their external form, we are slipping into the mode of Passion. This knowledge may be ‘useful’ for worldly business and politics, but it is a prison for the soul. We should work to move beyond these surface divisions and look for the underlying spiritual connection that binds all of us together.