|| 2.1 ||
सञ्जय उवाच तं तथा कृपयाऽविष्टमश्रुपूर्णाकुलेक्षणम्। विषीदन्तमिदं वाक्यमुवाच मधुसूदनः।।
sañjaya uvāca taṁ tathā kṛpayāviṣṭam aśru-pūrṇākulekṣaṇam viṣīdantam idaṁ vākyam uvāca madhusūdanaḥ
Word by Word
sañjayaḥ (Sañjaya) uvāca (said) tam (unto Arjuna) tathā (thus) kṛpayā (by compassion) āviṣṭam (overwhelmed) aśru-pūrṇa (full of tears) ākula (distressed) īkṣaṇam (eyes) viṣīdantam (lamenting) idam (these) vākyam (words) uvāca (said) madhusūdanaḥ (Kṛṣṇa, the killer of Madhu)
Translation
Sañjaya said: Seeing Arjuna full of compassion, his mind depressed, his eyes full of tears, Madhusūdana, Kṛṣṇa, spoke the following words.
Meaning
The second chapter begins with Sañjaya describing Arjuna’s condition to the blind king. Arjuna is overwhelmed with compassion, and his eyes are full of brimming tears as he laments on the battlefield. He is in a state of complete emotional and physical collapse.
The use of the word ‘Madhusūdana’ for Kṛṣṇa is significant here. It reminds the reader that Kṛṣṇa is the killer of the demon Madhu. The implication is that just as Kṛṣṇa killed the external demon, He is now about to kill the internal demon of misunderstanding that has taken over Arjuna.
Arjuna’s compassion, though seemingly noble, is misplaced. It is born of material attachment to the temporary body, not spiritual clarity. This emotional weakness is preventing him from performing his higher duty. The stage is set for the Lord to remove this ignorance with divine knowledge.