|| 8.2 ||
अधियज्ञः कथं कोऽत्र देहेऽस्मिन्मधुसूदन। प्रयाणकाले च कथं ज्ञेयोऽसि नियतात्मभिः।।
adhiyajñaḥ kathaṁ ko ’tra dehe ’smin madhusūdana prayāṇa-kāle ca kathaṁ jñeyo ’si niyatātmabhiḥ
Word by Word
adhiyajñaḥ (the Lord of sacrifice) katham (how) kaḥ (who) atra (here) dehe (in the body) asmin (in this) madhusūdana (O Kṛṣṇa) prayāṇa-kāle (at the time of death) ca (and) katham (how) jñeyaḥ (knowable) asi (You are) niyata-ātmabhiḥ (by the self-controlled)
Translation
Who is the Lord of sacrifice, and how does He live in the body, O Madhusūdana? And how can those engaged in devotional service know You at the time of death?
Meaning
Arjuna continues his inquiry with two more vital questions. He asks, “Who is the Lord of sacrifice, and how does He live in this body?” He also asks the most critical question of the chapter: “How can those who are self-controlled know You at the time of death?”
The question about death is particularly poignant on a battlefield. Arjuna knows that his life and the lives of those he loves are hanging by a thread. He wants to know how to maintain a spiritual connection when the body is failing. This shows that Arjuna’s focus has shifted from worldly grief to the ultimate problem of human existence.
He addresses Kṛṣṇa as ‘Madhusūdana’, the killer of the demon Madhu. This implies a prayer: “O Kṛṣṇa, kill these demons of doubt in my mind.” Arjuna realizes that without knowing how to die correctly, his life’s work remains incomplete. He is seeking the secret to an auspicious departure from this world.