Kṛṣṇa begins to deconstruct the ego of the ‘Doer’. He tells Arjuna to learn the five factors that contribute to the success of any action. He points out that these are not new ideas, but are already explained in the Sāṅkhya philosophy and the Vedānta. To cure Arjuna’s guilt, Kṛṣṇa is going to show him that ‘he’ is not the only person responsible for the outcome of the war. This is the ‘Science of Action’. We usually take 100% of the credit for our wins and 100% of the blame for our losses. Kṛṣṇa says this is bad accounting. Any act—from cooking a meal to winning a battle—requires five specific ingredients to come together. By studying these factors, we can gain a realistic and humble view of our own role in the universe. We are just one part of a much larger system. It teaches us to be ‘Analytically Humble’. Before we get puffed up with pride, we should check: “Which of these five factors did I actually provide?” This prevents the ego from taking over. It also provides comfort during failure—if you did your part but the other factors didn’t align, you don’t have to beat yourself up. We should focus on our specific contribution and leave the rest to the cosmic system.