|| 1.31 ||

निमित्तानि च पश्यामि विपरीतानि केशव। न च श्रेयोऽनुपश्यामि हत्वा स्वजनमाहवे।।

na ca śreyo ’nupaśyāmi hatvā sva-janam āhave na kāṅkṣe vijayaṁ kṛṣṇa na ca rājyaṁ sukhāni ca

na (not) ca (also) śreyaḥ (good/benefit) anupaśyāmi (do I foresee) hatvā (after killing) sva-janam (own kinsmen) āhave (in the battle) na (not) kāṅkṣe (do I desire) vijayam (victory) kṛṣṇa (O Kṛṣṇa) na (not) ca (also) rājyam (kingdom) sukhāni (happiness) ca (also)

I do not see how any good can come from killing my own kinsmen in this battle, nor can I, my dear Kṛṣṇa, desire any subsequent victory, kingdom, or happiness.

Arjuna begins to rationalize his breakdown by questioning the very purpose of the war. He claims he sees no ultimate good in killing his own kinsmen. He declares that he desires neither victory, nor a kingdom, nor the happiness that might follow it. This is a crucial statement because it rejects the traditional rewards of a kṣatriya. Arjuna is seeking ‘śreyaḥ’, or the ultimate good, but his vision is currently limited to material well-being. He believes that killing his family will lead to sin and misfortune, ignoring the higher spiritual good of re-establishing Dharma. He is trapped in a worldview where happiness is derived solely from social and family relationships. If those relationships are destroyed, he feels that any resulting victory would be hollow and bitter. He is judging the war based on personal gain and loss rather than on justice and duty.