|| 10.20 ||
अहमात्मा गुडाकेश सर्वभूताशयस्थितः। अहमादिश्च मध्यं च भूतानामन्त एव च।।
aham ātmā guḍākeśa sarva-bhūtāśaya-sthitaḥ aham ādiś ca madhyaṁ ca bhūtānām anta eva ca
Word by Word
aham (I) ātmā (the soul) guḍākeśa (O Arjuna) sarva-bhūta (of all living beings) āśaya-sthitaḥ (residing in the heart) aham (I) ādiḥ (the beginning) ca (and) madhyam (the middle) ca (and) bhūtānām (of all beings) antaḥ (the end) eva (certainly) ca (and).
Translation
I am the Supersoul, O Arjuna, seated in the hearts of all living entities. I am the beginning, the middle and the end of all beings.
Meaning
Kṛṣṇa begins His list with the most fundamental opulence: the Self. He tells Arjuna that He is the Supersoul seated in the hearts of every living entity. Before looking for God in the sun or stars, one should recognize His presence within. He is the life-force and the consciousness that sustains us.
He also declares Himself to be the beginning, the middle, and the end of all beings. This means He is the cause of birth, the strength behind life, and the force of ultimate dissolution. Nothing exists outside of His presence. He is the silent witness and the constant companion of every soul.
By addressing Arjuna as ‘Guḍākeśa’ (Conqueror of Sleep), Kṛṣṇa hints that this knowledge requires alertness. To see God within ourselves and others requires overcoming the ‘sleep’ of material illusion. Once we realize that Kṛṣṇa is the ‘I’ behind our ‘I’, our entire perspective on life changes from self-centeredness to God-centeredness.